Though it started as a movement with religious underpinnings. Apush chapter 16 key terms and people flashcards quizlet. Robert finley founded the american colonization society. In 1817, the american colonization society formed to resettle freed slaves in africa. Abolitionist organization founded in 1832 by william lloyd garrison of massachusetts, publisher of the liberator. The society for the colonization of free people of color of america, commonly known as the american colonization society acs, was founded in 1816 by robert finley, to encourage and support the voluntary migration of free african americans to the continent of africa. American colonization society acs, founded december 28, 1816, in u.
Henry clay, president of the american colonization society, and sir. Many slaveholders in the upper south also freed slaves. The american colonization society acs epitomized this desire to deport black people. Ironically, these groups were on opposite ends of the spectrum involving slavery in the early 1800s. Liberia was founded as a colony for the american colonization society in 1821 as a place for former slaves to populate. By 1867, the society had sent more than,000 emigrants. Thus, the acs on average managed to colonize 273 black americans per year.
In 1822, the society established a settlement in west africa that would become the independent nation of liberia in 1847. However, this book commences with blacks as explorers in the americas before christopher columbus arrival. The american colonization society acs was formed in 1817 to send free. Classic autobiography written by the leading african american abolitionist. The african repository by american colonization society. Over the course of seven chapters, burins book charts the development of the acs, the. But it became necessary to abandon this expedient, salutary as it was, because many of those negroes, affected with nostalgia ie a passionate desire to revisit their native land threw. In 1822, the society established on the west coast of africa a colony that in 1847 became the independent nation of liberia.
Why did most african americans reject the societys goals. Colonization the africanamerican mosaic exhibition. This project is based on the primary source collections of several important institutions. The enslaved africans and african americans had become well established and had children. American history chapter 12 section 2 flashcards quizlet. What are some interesting details about the events leading. The latter claim is easily disposed of as lincoln plainly continued his colonization push well beyond the january 1, 1863. The group of theology students, led by theodore dwight weld, who were expelled from their seminary for the abolitionist activity and later became leading preachers of the antislavery gospel. Discover book depositorys huge selection of american colonization society books online. Thomas jefferson, an early advocate of gradual, voluntary emigration of blacks. The concept, pushed by the american colonization society, was always hampered by the lack of funds and the opposition of many blacks, who rightly viewed america, not africa, as their native country. Auxiliary groups could be formed at the state, regional, or county level, supporting the national society by collecting subscriptions and fundraising. The paperback of the the american colonization society. And the founding of the first african republic paperback june 18, 2014.
Society founded by henry highland garnet which argued for the emigration of blacks to african with the idea that educated blacks could help indigenous people. Modelled after other philanthropic societies, such as the american bible society which had elias boudinot, the original president of the asmcj as its onetime president, the acs was a clear. American colonization society american abolitionists and. Colonization movements attempted to return free blacks to africa, mainly liberia, where they. I explore this complex narrative in greater detail in my forthcoming book manuscript. Formation of american colonization society 211 presidents opinion, and colonizationists later gave wide publicity to it in order to strengthen their cause. William lloyd garrison december 10, 1805 may 24, 1879, who signed and printed his name wm. Within days of arriving, bacon began pushing kizell to set up a general council of. He became a member of the american colonization society acs in 1856. A chronicle of the societys organization, purpose, growth, and the factors that led to its ultimate failure in dealing with the existence of slavery in a wouldbe democracy, the american colonization society is a scholarly, wellresearched, and welcome addition to the american history and black studies reference shelves. The american colonization society acs was established in washington, d. Colonists were essentially dumped onto liberian shores and told good luck.
Rare book and special collections division, library of congress 2. One hundred women met in seneca falls, new york, in 1848, led by elizabeth cady stanton and lucretia mott, both abolitionist activists, to draft a statement of womens rights. It was a belief he shared with the two american statesmen he revered most. From the founding of the acs in 1816 to the 1850s, the proposal was almost universally. Founded in 1816, the acs championed the repatriation of black. Among the local branches founded at the same time was the maryland state colonization society. Maignan, the surgeon of the ship, the negroes, who had hitherto remained shut up in the hold, were brought upon deck in succession, in order that they might breathe a purer air. Officially known as the american society for colonizing the free people of color in the united states, the acss leadership. The maryland society was initially founded in 1817 as an auxiliary of the national organization, the american colonization society. In 1821, the american colonization society acs founded a settlement at cape mesurado on the west african coast, with the express intention of populating it with freeborn black slaves from the usa.
American colonization society, in full american society for colonizing the free people of color of the united states, american organization dedicated to transporting freeborn blacks and emancipated slaves to africa. The maryland society was initially founded in 1817 as an. Books by american colonization society author of the. They went under the banner of the american colonization society, a white. Finley international migration society 18941899, founded at the behest of bishop henry mcneil turner.
The american colonization society acs, founded in 1816, had the mandate to organize the project. The liberator immediate and uncompensated end to slavery. Abraham lincoln and the politics of black colonization. Goal was to have owners paid for freeing slaves, and send them to africa liberia not successful, former slaves wanted to stay in america william lloyd garrison. The american colonization society celebrated its fortysixth anniversary in rev. A diligent member of the colonization movement was william lloyd garrison, who had been born into a workingclass family in massachusetts. Lloyd garrison, was a prominent american abolitionist, journalist, suffragist. Samuel john mills 17831818 was the founder, in conjunction with dr. American colonization society liberia collection pp161. American imperialism, british imperialism, antislavery, liberia. A gendered history of african colonization in the antebellum. The american colonization society acs was founded in 1816, with the mission. The american colonization society was founded in 1817 to support the emigration of freeborn african americans and emancipated slaves from the united states to africa. The geography of the american colonization society.
Lincoln and colonization essential civil war curriculum. The society for the colonization of free people of color of america, commonly known as the american colonization society acs, was founded in 1816 by robert finley, to encourage and support the voluntary migration of free africanamericans to the continent of africa there were several factors that led to the establishment of the american colonization society. From the groups founding in 1816 until the civil war, the organization. Apush chapter 16 identification flashcards quizlet. The president and board of managers of the american.
American colonization society abolitionist organization. American antislavery society founded in 1833 by william lloyd garrison and other abolitionists. American colonization society, american organization dedicated to transporting freeborn blacks and emancipated slaves to africa. Sunderlands church, washington, on the evening of jan. Garrisonian abolitionist organization founded in 1833 that included the eloquent wendell phillips among its leaders.
The single most useful primary source for information on virginia emigrants to liberia is the very large collection of american colonization society papers held in the manuscript division of the library of congress, washington, d. It was founded in 1816 by robert finley, a presbyterian minister, and some of the countrys most influential men, including francis scott key, henry clay, and bushrod. The american colonization society acs was formed in 1817 to send free africanamericans to africa as an alternative to emancipation in the united states. By 1860, all southern slaves were born in america, and many did not have a desire to return to africa. The specific event that led to the organized push for womens rights was the exclusion of a group of american women from the 1840 world anti. Africans in americapart 3american colonization society. Established in 1816 by a group of politicians and other notable citizens, the acs was unique in american history in that it drew support from both. Buy the african repository by american colonization society creator online at alibris. What solutions did the american colonization society propose to end slavery. Slavery and the peculiar solution university press of florida. The american colonization society was established in 1817 to encourage and assist free african americans, and later emancipated slaves, to settle in africa.
American colonization society has 442 books on goodreads with 4 ratings. American colonization society 1817onwards somehow, it became intermingled with the national colonization society. However, the south depended on slave labor as cotton production expanded after the 1793 invention of the cotton gin. American colonization societys most popular book is the african repository, and. American antislavery society 18331870 abolitionist society founded by william loyd garrison, who advocated the immediate abolition of slavery. African republic founded by freed american slaves in 1822. It was founded in 1816 by robert finley, a presbyterian minister, and some of the countrys most influential men, including francis scott key, henry clay, and bushrod washington. Colonization the africanamerican mosaic exhibition exhibitions.
American colonization society the online books page. British west africa or the united states of africa. When the american colonization society began recruiting n to establish a new. The united states government supported the acs, and the first batch of settlers arrived in what would become monrovia in 1822. The society, founded in 1816, sought to remove black americans. After the american revolution, northern states began to abolish slavery. The american colonization society the american colonization society was established in 1816 by robert finley as an attempt to satisfy two groups in america. For a detailed study of the american colonization society and the early history of liberia, see p. The american colonization society, founded in 1816 to assist free black people in emigrating to africa, was the brainchild of the reverend robert finley, a presbyterian minister from basking ridge. In an early effort to stop slavery, the american colonization society, founded in 1816. Petitions were submitted within weeks after the societys founding, implo.